Miscellaneous Links
HADCRUT4 - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut4/data/current/download.html
GISTEMP - https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/
NOAA - https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaaglobaltemp/operational/timeseries/
Cowtan & Way - http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~kdc3/papers/coverage2013/series.html
RSS - http://www.remss.com/measurements/upper-air-temperature
UAH - https://www.nsstc.uah.edu/climate/
Copernicus - http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-daily/levtype=sfc/
Evidence for it being CO2 - https://skepticalscience.com/its-not-us-basic.htm
tinyurl.com/j3rnzn6 - AR7's Chapter on the Cryosphere
tinyurl.com/hwjmtu2 - Christy Chart
tinyurl.com/za9fwu5 - Consensus
tinyurl.com/go8cwha - Consensus (2)
tinyurl.com/mnwrl4e - Cryosphere Data from NASA's GRACE
tinyurl.com/gquqqgb - History of Climate Reporting
tinyurl.com/kfwycog - IPCC AR5
tinyurl.com/hj8qp8g - Luntz's Memo
tinyurl.com/q8u6wq6 - MSU & AMSU's Time Series Explorer Tool
tinyurl.com/h4bgqef - NOAA ERSSTv4 vs HadCRUT and ERSSTv3
tinyurl.com/go7276p - Ocean Heat Content
tinyurl.com/h4k5ayu - "Plummeting by 1 Degree" Claim
tinyurl.com/h56ae8b - Tropospheric temperatures
tinyurl.com/gptbu53 - Why Nights Heat Up Faster than Days
1. Increasing Temperature over Land and Oceans
(*) General Source - https://skepticalscience.com/surface-temperature-measurements-intermediate.htm (http://tinyurl.com/hmjwwmn)
(1) NASA GISS - http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/ (http://tinyurl.com/yv3a9x)
(2) JMA - http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/products/gwp/temp/ann_wld.html (http://tinyurl.com/cje23x9)
(3) HadCRUT - http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/documents/421974/1295957/Info+sheet+%231.pdf/c612fc7e-babb-463c-b5e3-124ac76680c5 (http://tinyurl.com/ouxghs5)
HTML instead of pdf - https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/ (http://tinyurl.com/jl25ath)
(4) NOAA - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/service/global/global-land-ocean-mntp-anom/201101-201112.png (http://tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml)
(5) Weather Balloons - http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/temp/angell/graphics/global.gif (http://tinyurl.com/hrecbuo)
Figure - http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/temp/angell/angell.html (http://tinyurl.com/2hqxht)
(6) Without stations - Compo et al. 2013 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50425/full (Fig 1) (http://tinyurl.com/zr32tuq)
(*) Using Climate Proxies:
(7) Pollack et al. - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/pollack.html (http://tinyurl.com/hhqd5af)
(8) NOAA, several studies - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/images/last2000-large.jpg (http://tinyurl.com/zhy2gju)
(9) Anderson et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL054271/full (http://tinyurl.com/aqruztf)
CITATION - [1] NASA/GISS, tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; [2] HadCRUT, tinyurl.com/jl25ath; [3] NOAA, tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml; [4] JMA, tinyurl.com/cje23x9; [5] Angell 2005, tinyurl.com/2hqxht; [6] Compo et al. 2013, tinyurl.com/zr32tuq; [7] Pollack et al., tinyurl.com/hhqd5af; [8] NOAA comp., tinyurl.com/zhy2gju; [9] Anderson et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/aqruztf
CITATION - tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; tinyurl.com/jl25ath; tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml; tinyurl.com/cje23x9; tinyurl.com/2hqxht; tinyurl.com/zr32tuq; tinyurl.com/hhqd5af; tinyurl.com/zhy2gju; tinyurl.com/aqruztf
2. Increasing Sea Surface Temperature
(1) NASA GISS - http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/ (http://tinyurl.com/yv3a9x)
(2) Barnett et al. 2005 - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/309/5732/284.full (Fig 1) (http://tinyurl.com/j87yqhp)
(3) NOAA ERSSTv4 - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/marineocean-data/extended-reconstructed-sea-surface-temperature-ersst-v4 (http://tinyurl.com/jtqkm4f)
CITATION - [1] NASA GISS, tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; [2] Barnett et al. 2005, tinyurl.com/j87yqhp; [3] NOAA ERSSTv4, tinyurl.com/jtqkm4f
CITATION - tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; tinyurl.com/j87yqhp; tinyurl.com/jtqkm4f
3. Increasing Tropospheric Temperature
(*) TLT:
(1) RSS - http://www.remss.com/measurements/upper-air-temperature (http://tinyurl.com/n28ptwn)
(2) UAH - http://www.nsstc.uah.edu/climate/ (http://tinyurl.com/h67mo6l)
(*) TMT:
(3) NOAA RATPAC - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/upper-air/201013 (http://tinyurl.com/z8mmopg)
(4) NOAA MSU - https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/mscat/index.php (http://tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp)
(5) RSS - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/msu/rss-msu.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/h4ka3b6)
(6) HadAT2 - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadat/images.html (http://tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr)
CITATION - [1] RSS, tinyurl.com/n28ptwn; [2] UAH, tinyurl.com/h67mo6l; [3] NOAA RATPAC, tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; [4] NOAA MSU, tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; [5] RSS, tinyurl.com/h4ka3b6; [6] HadAT2, tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr
CITATION - tinyurl.com/n28ptwn; tinyurl.com/h67mo6l; tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; tinyurl.com/h4ka3b6; tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr
4. Decreasing Stratospheric Temperature
(1) HadAT2 - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadat/images.html (http://tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr)
(2) NOAA STAR - https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/mscat/index.php (http://tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp)
(3) NOAA - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/upper-air/201013 (http://tinyurl.com/z8mmopg)
(4) RSS -http://data.remss.com/msu/graphics/tls/plots/RSS_TS_channel_TLS_Global_Land_and_Sea_v03_3.png (tinyurl.com/kok9z9b)
CITATION - [1] HadAT2, tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr; [2] NOAA STAR, tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; [3] NOAA, tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; [4] RSS, tinyurl.com/kok9z9b
CITATION - tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr; tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; tinyurl.com/kok9z9b
4. Nights Warming Faster than Days
(1) Davey et al. 2016 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.4688/abstract (tinyurl.com/jwskdfg)
CITATION - [1] Davey et al. 2016, tinyurl.com/jwskdfg
CITATION - tinyurl.com/jwskdfg
5. Increasing Ocean Heat Content
(*) Upper Ocean (0-700m):
(1) Gleckler et al. 2016 - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v6/n4/full/nclimate2915.html (http://tinyurl.com/zlushky)
Press release - https://www.llnl.gov/news/livermore-scientists-find-global-ocean-warming-has-doubled-recent-decades (http://tinyurl.com/hzvd85b)
(2) Palmer et al. 2009 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL039491/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/h23mp8q)
(3) Pierce et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL053389/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/h6qdv73)
(4) Gleckler et al. 2012 - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n7/full/nclimate1553.html (http://tinyurl.com/z72j7qo)
(*) Deeper Ocean:
(5) Purkey & Johnson 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2010JCLI3682.1 (http://tinyurl.com/z3wmeug)
(6) Loeb et al. 2012 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v5/n2/full/ngeo1375.html (http://tinyurl.com/bl6h3zb)
(7) Balmaseda et al. 2013 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50382/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/cwmxjv3)
(8) Both - Nuccitelli et al. 2012 - https://skepticalscience.com/docs/Comment_on_DK12.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj)
CITATION - [1] Gleckler et al. 2016, tinyurl.com/zlushky; [2] Palmer et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/hzvd85b; [3] Pierce et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h6qdv73; [4] Gleckler et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/z72j7qo; [5] Purkey & Johnson 2010, tinyurl.com/z3wmeug; [6] Loeb et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/bl6h3zb; [7] Balmaseda et al. 2013, tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj; [8] Nuccitelli et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj
CITATION - tinyurl.com/zlushky; tinyurl.com/hzvd85b; tinyurl.com/h6qdv73; tinyurl.com/z72j7qo; tinyurl.com/z3wmeug; tinyurl.com/bl6h3zb; tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj; tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj
6. Increasing Humidity
(1) HadCRUH - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcruh/ (http://tinyurl.com/jfn2b3u)
(2) NOAA - http://cpo.noaa.gov/warmingworld/humidity.html (http://tinyurl.com/zr95cq6)
(*) Together - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/ClimateStorms/page2.php (http://tinyurl.com/qdu7pxy)
(*) Do it yourself with NOAA! - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/cgi-bin/data/timeseries/timeseries1.pl (http://tinyurl.com/jc2fwl2)
CITATION - [1] HadCRUH, tinyurl.com/jfn2b3u; [2] NOAA, tinyurl.com/zr95cq6
CITATION - tinyurl.com/jfn2b3u; tinyurl.com/zr95cq6
7. Increasing Sea Level
(1) Church et al. 2008 - http://academics.eckerd.edu/instructor/hastindw/MS1410-001_FA08/handouts/2008SLRSustain.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc)
(2) NASA Satellite and Ground data - http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/ (http://tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt)
(3) CU Sea Level Research Group - http://sealevel.colorado.edu/ (http://tinyurl.com/yvmy59)
(4) Cazenave et al. 2014, No hiatus - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n5/full/nclimate2159.html (http://tinyurl.com/hu2yk9o)
CITATION - [1] Church et al. 2008, tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc, [2] NASA, tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt; [3] CUSLRG, tinyurl.com/yvmy59; [4] Cazenave et al. 2014, tinyurl.com/hu2yk9o
CITATION - tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc, tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt; tinyurl.com/yvmy59; tinyurl.com/hu2yk9o
8. Decreasing Arctic Sea Ice
(*) Extent
(1) Stroeve et al. 2011 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-011-0101-1#enumeration (http://tinyurl.com/h25frcp)
(*) Volume
(2) Polar Science Center - http://psc.apl.washington.edu/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/ (http://tinyurl.com/nmrcvug)
(3) Multiple sources - https://sites.google.com/site/arcticseaicegraphs/longterm (http://tinyurl.com/ctkmuu2)
CITATION - [1] Streoeve et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/h25frcp; [2] Polar Science Center, tinyurl.com/nmrcvug; [3] Multiple sources, tinyurl.com/ctkmuu2
CITATION - tinyurl.com/h25frcp; tinyurl.com/nmrcvug; tinyurl.com/ctkmuu2
9. Decreasing Antarctic Land Ice
(*) General source - https://skepticalscience.com/antarctica-gaining-ice.htm (http://tinyurl.com/zee3nn8)
(*) Multiple sources - http://scienceblogs.com/stoat/2015/11/02/mass-gains-of-the-antarctic-ice-sheet-exceed-losses/ (http://tinyurl.com/jb3g23h)
(1) Harig & Simons 2015 - http://www.princeton.edu/geosciences/people/simons/pdf/EPSL-2015a.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3)
(2) CryoSat-2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL060111/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/nmfohot)
(3) King et al. 2012 - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7425/full/nature11621.html (http://tinyurl.com/hu8bwv2)
(4) Tang et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012JB009480/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/z48ctq6)
(5) Rignot et al. 2011 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011GL046583/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/hn66bv9)
(6) Wu et al. 2010 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n9/full/ngeo938.html (http://tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q)
(7) Velicogna et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL061052/full (http://tinyurl.com/h3bb95f)
CITATION - [1] Harig & Simons 2015, tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3; [2] CryoSat-2, tinyurl.com/nmfohot; [3] King et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/hu8bwv2; [4] Tang et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/z48ctq6; [5] Rignot et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/hn66bv9; [6] Wu et al. 2010, tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; [7] Velicogna et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h3bb95f
CITATION - tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3; tinyurl.com/nmfohot; tinyurl.com/hu8bwv2; tinyurl.com/z48ctq6; tinyurl.com/hn66bv9; tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; tinyurl.com/h3bb95f
10. Decreasing Greenland Land Ice
(1) Jiang et al. 2010 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n6/abs/ngeo845.html (http://tinyurl.com/hp7hf8e)
(2) Velicogna et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL061052/full (http://tinyurl.com/h3bb95f)
(3) Wu et al. 2010 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n9/full/ngeo938.html (http://tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q)
(4) Ewert et al. 2012 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264370711000640 (http://tinyurl.com/h36y6t9)
(5) Harig & Simons 2012 - http://www.pnas.org/content/109/49/19934.abstract (http://tinyurl.com/gphq5ug)
(6) Sasgen et al. 2012 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X12001628 (http://tinyurl.com/hse5b9j)
(7) Chen et al. 2011 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010JB007789/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/z5s3lgc)
CITATION - [1] Jiang et al. 2010, tinyurl.com/hp7hf8e; [2] Velicogna et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h3bb95f; [3] Wu et al. 2010, tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; [4] Ewert et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h36y6t9; [5] Harig & Simons 2012, tinyurl.com/gphq5ug; [6] Sasgen et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/hse5b9j; [7] Chen et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/z5s3lgc
CITATION - tinyurl.com/hp7hf8e; tinyurl.com/h3bb95f; tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; tinyurl.com/h36y6t9; tinyurl.com/gphq5ug; tinyurl.com/hse5b9j; tinyurl.com/z5s3lgc
11. Decreasing Glacier Ice
(1) Hock et al. 2009 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL037020/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/z8hoa4m)
(2) UNEP - http://www.grid.unep.ch/glaciers/pdfs/5.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg)
(3) Cogley et al. 2009 - https://www.igsoc.org/annals/50/50/a50a043.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/zuczqr4)
(4) Leclercq et al. 2011 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10712-011-9121-7 (http://tinyurl.com/hphll7r)
(*) Individual regions
(4) Marzeion et al. 2012 - http://www.the-cryosphere.net/6/1295/2012/ (http://tinyurl.com/jo8kqt9)
(5) Chen et al. 2007 - ftp://ftp.csr.utexas.edu/pub/ggfc/papers/2007GL031871.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/z2buoc6)
(6) Luthcke et al. 2008 - https://www.igsoc.org/journal/54/188/j08j057.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/jkalkzr)
CITATION - [1] Hock et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/z8hoa4m; [2] UNEP, tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg; [3] Coglet et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/zuczqr4; [4] Leclercq et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/hphll7r
CITATION - tinyurl.com/z8hoa4m; tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg; tinyurl.com/zuczqr4; tinyurl.com/hphll7r
12. Decreasing Snow Cover
(1) Brown & Robinson 2011 - http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/robinson_pubs/refereed/Brown_and_Robinson_2011.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/zm24ly3)
(2) Dery & Brown 2007 - http://web.unbc.ca/~sdery/publicationfiles/2007GL031474.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x)
(*) Australia
(3) Sanchez-Bayo & Green 2012 - http://aaarjournal.org/doi/abs/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.107?code=iaar-site (http://tinyurl.com/j5yzdpm)
CITATION - [1] Brown & Robinson 2011, tinyurl.com/zm24ly3; [2] Dery & Brown 2007, tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x; [3] Sanchez-Bayo & Green 2012, tinyurl.com/j5yzdpm
CITATION - tinyurl.com/zm24ly3; tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x; tinyurl.com/j5yzdpm
13. Decreasing Ocean pH
(1) NOAA PMEL, Feely et al. - https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Quality+of+pH+Measurements+in+the+NODC+Data+Archives (tinyurl.com/h98cc3z)
CITATION - [1] NOAA PMEL, Feely et al., tinyurl.com/h98cc3z
CITATION - tinyurl.com/h98cc3z
14. Tree Lines Shifting Poleward
(1) Caccianiga & Payette 2006 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01563.x/full (tinyurl.com/kf5cyce)
(2) Gamache & Payette 2005 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01182.x/full (tinyurl.com/krfsnak)
(3) Kharuk et al. 2007 - http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?f=2008/JP/JP0821.xml;JP2008000451 (tinyurl.com/kmh77rb)
(4) Lloyd & Fastie 2003 - http://alaskaresearch.voices.wooster.edu/files/2011/09/Lloyd_Fastie_2003.pdf (tinyurl.com/lwscuos)
(5) Woodall et al. 2009 - https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/19546 (tinyurl.com/kj2mbhk)
CITATION - [1] Caccianiga & Payette 2006, tinyurl.com/kf5cyce; [2] Gamache & Payette 2005, tinyurl.com/krfsnak; [3] Kharuk et al. 2007, tinyurl.com/kmh77rb; [4] Lloyd & Fastie 2003, tinyurl.com/lwscuos; [5] Woodall et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/kj2mbhk
CITATION - tinyurl.com/kf5cyce; tinyurl.com/krfsnak; tinyurl.com/kmh77rb; tinyurl.com/lwscuos; tinyurl.com/kj2mbhk
15. Animals Migrating Poleward
(1) Seebacher & Post 2015 (Review article) - https://climatechangeresponses.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40665-015-0013-9 (http://tinyurl.com/hacf38m)
CITATION - [1] Seebacher & Post 2015, tinyurl.com/hacf38m
CITATION - tinyurl.com/hacf38m
16. Spring Coming Earlier
(1) Menzel et al. 2006 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/j6x9975)
(2) Ellwood, Primack, & Talmadge 2010 - http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1525/cond.2010.100006 (http://tinyurl.com/h7t6kbt)
(3) Yu, Luedeling, & Xu 2010 - http://www.pnas.org/content/107/51/22151.abstract (http://tinyurl.com/jcyt8a8)
(4) Guo et al. 2014 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192314002676 (http://tinyurl.com/z985kj8)
CITATION - [1] Menzel et al. 2006, tinyurl.com/j6x9975; [2] Ellwood, Primack, & Talmadge 2010, tinyurl.com/h7t6kbt; [3] Yu, Luedeling, & Xu 2010, tinyurl.com/jcyt8a8; [4] Guo et al. 2014, tinyurl.com/z985kj8
CITATION - tinyurl.com/j6x9975; tinyurl.com/h7t6kbt; tinyurl.com/jcyt8a8; tinyurl.com/z985kj8
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Antarctica's gaining sea ice. And a NASA study [1] suggested it's gaining land ice today due to a steep rise in snowfall ~15,000 yrs ago, in spite of rising global temperatures. Of course, the lead author worried climate change deniers would distort the findings [1]. If the study is true, then there must be extra ice loss somewhere else to account for rising sea levels [2,3]. Other studies suggest Antarctica's losing land ice [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], Greenland's losing land ice [17], the Arctic is losing sea ice in extent [18] and volume [19], glaciers are overall receding [20,21], and snow cover is declining [22].
[1] Zwally et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zyvvrah
[2] Church 2008 - http://tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc
[3] NASA Satellite and Ground data - http://tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt
[4] Shepherd et al. 2016 (Fig 5) - http://tinyurl.com/jy5h2z9
[5] McMillan et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/nmfohot [6] Harig & Simons 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3 [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] King et al. 2012; Tang et al. 2012; Rignot et al. 2011c; Shi et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2010; Cazenave et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2009; E et al. 2009; Horwath & Dietrich 2009; Velicogna 2009 - for summary, http://tinyurl.com/jb3g23h [17] Jiang 2010 - http://tinyurl.com/zz8a8x9 [18] Stroeve et al. 2012 - http://tinyurl.com/h25frcp [19] Schweiger et al. 2011 - http://tinyurl.com/nmrcvug [20] Cogley et al. 2009 - http://tinyurl.com/zp2pmbx [21] World Glacier Monitoring Service (Fig 5.9) - http://tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg [22] Dery & Brown 2007 - http://tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x
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I mean, we're all irrational. That's about as clear as you can get from the field of psychology. That's why we let the science speak for itself :) For example, if one has a preconception that global warming isn't happening, because that forms part of their identiy, then they can say something like "Antarctica is gaining sea ice and a NASA study found it's gaining land ice!" But when we step back and let the science speak for itself, we find that the NASA study [1] suggested it's gaining land ice today due to a steep rise in snowfall ~15,000 yrs ago, in spite of rising global temperatures; that the lead author worried climate change deniers would distort the findings [1]; and that if the study is true, then there must be extra ice loss somewhere else to account for rising sea levels [2,3]. We also find that other studies suggest Antarctica's losing land ice [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], Greenland's losing land ice [17], the Arctic is losing sea ice in extent [18] and volume [19], glaciers are overall receding [20,21], and snow cover is declining [22]. Similarly, if one wanted to confirm their preconception that global warming isn't happening, they can say "one group's tropospheric measurements show no warming! (after you remove half the data.)" But when we step back and let the science speak for itself, we find satellite and ground measurements of land and ocean temperatures find warming [23,24,25,26,27,28,29], increased sea surface temperature [30,31], and *increased* tropospheric temperatures from Christy's UAH group and RSS [32]. So it explains why someone would distort a NASA study, or cherry pick and manipulate one set of measurements, to push an agenda even if they are acting in good faith - when irrational people settle on an idea, it's tough to change their minds despite myriad evidence to the contrary (cf. confirmation bias, backfire effect, etc.) I think you get it now, so let's see how it plays out... ;) Cheers!
[1] Zwally et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zyvvrah [2] Church 2008 - http://tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc [3] NASA Satellite and Ground data - http://tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt [4] Shepherd et al. 2016 (Fig 5) - http://tinyurl.com/jy5h2z9 [5] McMillan et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/nmfohot [6] Harig & Simons 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3 [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] King et al. 2012; Tang et al. 2012; Rignot et al. 2011c; Shi et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2010; Cazenave et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2009; E et al. 2009; Horwath & Dietrich 2009; Velicogna 2009 - for summary, http://tinyurl.com/jb3g23h [17] Jiang 2010 - http://tinyurl.com/zz8a8x9 [18] Stroeve et al. 2012 - http://tinyurl.com/h25frcp [19] Schweiger et al. 2011 - http://tinyurl.com/nmrcvug [20] Cogley et al. 2009 - http://tinyurl.com/zp2pmbx [21] World Glacier Monitoring Service (Fig 5.9) - http://tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg [22] Dery & Brown 2007 - http://tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x [23] NASA GISS - http://tinyurl.com/yv3a9x [24] HadCRUT- http://tinyurl.com/ouxghs5 [25] NOAA - http://tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml [26] Angell weather balloon measurements - http://tinyurl.com/hrecbuo [27] Pollack, Huang, & Shen - http://tinyurl.com/hhqd5af [28] http://tinyurl.com/zhy2gju [29] Compo et al. 2013 - http://tinyurl.com/zr32tuq [30] NASA GISS - http://tinyurl.com/epy8o [31] Barnett et al. 2005 - http://tinyurl.com/j87yqhp [32] UAH, Christy, RSS - http://tinyurl.com/glvq5y3
HADCRUT4 - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut4/data/current/download.html
GISTEMP - https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/
NOAA - https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaaglobaltemp/operational/timeseries/
Cowtan & Way - http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~kdc3/papers/coverage2013/series.html
RSS - http://www.remss.com/measurements/upper-air-temperature
UAH - https://www.nsstc.uah.edu/climate/
Copernicus - http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-daily/levtype=sfc/
Evidence for it being CO2 - https://skepticalscience.com/its-not-us-basic.htm
tinyurl.com/j3rnzn6 - AR7's Chapter on the Cryosphere
tinyurl.com/hwjmtu2 - Christy Chart
tinyurl.com/za9fwu5 - Consensus
tinyurl.com/go8cwha - Consensus (2)
tinyurl.com/mnwrl4e - Cryosphere Data from NASA's GRACE
tinyurl.com/gquqqgb - History of Climate Reporting
tinyurl.com/kfwycog - IPCC AR5
tinyurl.com/hj8qp8g - Luntz's Memo
tinyurl.com/q8u6wq6 - MSU & AMSU's Time Series Explorer Tool
tinyurl.com/h4bgqef - NOAA ERSSTv4 vs HadCRUT and ERSSTv3
tinyurl.com/go7276p - Ocean Heat Content
tinyurl.com/h4k5ayu - "Plummeting by 1 Degree" Claim
tinyurl.com/h56ae8b - Tropospheric temperatures
tinyurl.com/gptbu53 - Why Nights Heat Up Faster than Days
1. Increasing Temperature over Land and Oceans
(*) General Source - https://skepticalscience.com/surface-temperature-measurements-intermediate.htm (http://tinyurl.com/hmjwwmn)
(1) NASA GISS - http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/ (http://tinyurl.com/yv3a9x)
(2) JMA - http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/products/gwp/temp/ann_wld.html (http://tinyurl.com/cje23x9)
(3) HadCRUT - http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/documents/421974/1295957/Info+sheet+%231.pdf/c612fc7e-babb-463c-b5e3-124ac76680c5 (http://tinyurl.com/ouxghs5)
HTML instead of pdf - https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/ (http://tinyurl.com/jl25ath)
(4) NOAA - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/service/global/global-land-ocean-mntp-anom/201101-201112.png (http://tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml)
(5) Weather Balloons - http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/temp/angell/graphics/global.gif (http://tinyurl.com/hrecbuo)
Figure - http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/trends/temp/angell/angell.html (http://tinyurl.com/2hqxht)
(6) Without stations - Compo et al. 2013 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50425/full (Fig 1) (http://tinyurl.com/zr32tuq)
(*) Using Climate Proxies:
(7) Pollack et al. - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/pollack.html (http://tinyurl.com/hhqd5af)
(8) NOAA, several studies - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/images/last2000-large.jpg (http://tinyurl.com/zhy2gju)
(9) Anderson et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL054271/full (http://tinyurl.com/aqruztf)
CITATION - [1] NASA/GISS, tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; [2] HadCRUT, tinyurl.com/jl25ath; [3] NOAA, tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml; [4] JMA, tinyurl.com/cje23x9; [5] Angell 2005, tinyurl.com/2hqxht; [6] Compo et al. 2013, tinyurl.com/zr32tuq; [7] Pollack et al., tinyurl.com/hhqd5af; [8] NOAA comp., tinyurl.com/zhy2gju; [9] Anderson et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/aqruztf
CITATION - tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; tinyurl.com/jl25ath; tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml; tinyurl.com/cje23x9; tinyurl.com/2hqxht; tinyurl.com/zr32tuq; tinyurl.com/hhqd5af; tinyurl.com/zhy2gju; tinyurl.com/aqruztf
2. Increasing Sea Surface Temperature
(1) NASA GISS - http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/ (http://tinyurl.com/yv3a9x)
(2) Barnett et al. 2005 - http://science.sciencemag.org/content/309/5732/284.full (Fig 1) (http://tinyurl.com/j87yqhp)
(3) NOAA ERSSTv4 - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/marineocean-data/extended-reconstructed-sea-surface-temperature-ersst-v4 (http://tinyurl.com/jtqkm4f)
CITATION - [1] NASA GISS, tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; [2] Barnett et al. 2005, tinyurl.com/j87yqhp; [3] NOAA ERSSTv4, tinyurl.com/jtqkm4f
CITATION - tinyurl.com/yv3a9x; tinyurl.com/j87yqhp; tinyurl.com/jtqkm4f
3. Increasing Tropospheric Temperature
(*) TLT:
(1) RSS - http://www.remss.com/measurements/upper-air-temperature (http://tinyurl.com/n28ptwn)
(2) UAH - http://www.nsstc.uah.edu/climate/ (http://tinyurl.com/h67mo6l)
(*) TMT:
(3) NOAA RATPAC - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/upper-air/201013 (http://tinyurl.com/z8mmopg)
(4) NOAA MSU - https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/mscat/index.php (http://tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp)
(5) RSS - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/msu/rss-msu.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/h4ka3b6)
(6) HadAT2 - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadat/images.html (http://tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr)
CITATION - [1] RSS, tinyurl.com/n28ptwn; [2] UAH, tinyurl.com/h67mo6l; [3] NOAA RATPAC, tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; [4] NOAA MSU, tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; [5] RSS, tinyurl.com/h4ka3b6; [6] HadAT2, tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr
CITATION - tinyurl.com/n28ptwn; tinyurl.com/h67mo6l; tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; tinyurl.com/h4ka3b6; tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr
4. Decreasing Stratospheric Temperature
(1) HadAT2 - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadat/images.html (http://tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr)
(2) NOAA STAR - https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/mscat/index.php (http://tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp)
(3) NOAA - https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/upper-air/201013 (http://tinyurl.com/z8mmopg)
(4) RSS -http://data.remss.com/msu/graphics/tls/plots/RSS_TS_channel_TLS_Global_Land_and_Sea_v03_3.png (tinyurl.com/kok9z9b)
CITATION - [1] HadAT2, tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr; [2] NOAA STAR, tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; [3] NOAA, tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; [4] RSS, tinyurl.com/kok9z9b
CITATION - tinyurl.com/hmdrwtr; tinyurl.com/hkwg4lp; tinyurl.com/z8mmopg; tinyurl.com/kok9z9b
4. Nights Warming Faster than Days
(1) Davey et al. 2016 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.4688/abstract (tinyurl.com/jwskdfg)
CITATION - [1] Davey et al. 2016, tinyurl.com/jwskdfg
CITATION - tinyurl.com/jwskdfg
5. Increasing Ocean Heat Content
(*) Upper Ocean (0-700m):
(1) Gleckler et al. 2016 - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v6/n4/full/nclimate2915.html (http://tinyurl.com/zlushky)
Press release - https://www.llnl.gov/news/livermore-scientists-find-global-ocean-warming-has-doubled-recent-decades (http://tinyurl.com/hzvd85b)
(2) Palmer et al. 2009 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL039491/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/h23mp8q)
(3) Pierce et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL053389/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/h6qdv73)
(4) Gleckler et al. 2012 - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n7/full/nclimate1553.html (http://tinyurl.com/z72j7qo)
(*) Deeper Ocean:
(5) Purkey & Johnson 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2010JCLI3682.1 (http://tinyurl.com/z3wmeug)
(6) Loeb et al. 2012 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v5/n2/full/ngeo1375.html (http://tinyurl.com/bl6h3zb)
(7) Balmaseda et al. 2013 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50382/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/cwmxjv3)
(8) Both - Nuccitelli et al. 2012 - https://skepticalscience.com/docs/Comment_on_DK12.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj)
CITATION - [1] Gleckler et al. 2016, tinyurl.com/zlushky; [2] Palmer et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/hzvd85b; [3] Pierce et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h6qdv73; [4] Gleckler et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/z72j7qo; [5] Purkey & Johnson 2010, tinyurl.com/z3wmeug; [6] Loeb et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/bl6h3zb; [7] Balmaseda et al. 2013, tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj; [8] Nuccitelli et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj
CITATION - tinyurl.com/zlushky; tinyurl.com/hzvd85b; tinyurl.com/h6qdv73; tinyurl.com/z72j7qo; tinyurl.com/z3wmeug; tinyurl.com/bl6h3zb; tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj; tinyurl.com/gu4ovbj
6. Increasing Humidity
(1) HadCRUH - http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcruh/ (http://tinyurl.com/jfn2b3u)
(2) NOAA - http://cpo.noaa.gov/warmingworld/humidity.html (http://tinyurl.com/zr95cq6)
(*) Together - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/ClimateStorms/page2.php (http://tinyurl.com/qdu7pxy)
(*) Do it yourself with NOAA! - https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/cgi-bin/data/timeseries/timeseries1.pl (http://tinyurl.com/jc2fwl2)
CITATION - [1] HadCRUH, tinyurl.com/jfn2b3u; [2] NOAA, tinyurl.com/zr95cq6
CITATION - tinyurl.com/jfn2b3u; tinyurl.com/zr95cq6
7. Increasing Sea Level
(1) Church et al. 2008 - http://academics.eckerd.edu/instructor/hastindw/MS1410-001_FA08/handouts/2008SLRSustain.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc)
(2) NASA Satellite and Ground data - http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/ (http://tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt)
(3) CU Sea Level Research Group - http://sealevel.colorado.edu/ (http://tinyurl.com/yvmy59)
(4) Cazenave et al. 2014, No hiatus - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n5/full/nclimate2159.html (http://tinyurl.com/hu2yk9o)
CITATION - [1] Church et al. 2008, tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc, [2] NASA, tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt; [3] CUSLRG, tinyurl.com/yvmy59; [4] Cazenave et al. 2014, tinyurl.com/hu2yk9o
CITATION - tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc, tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt; tinyurl.com/yvmy59; tinyurl.com/hu2yk9o
8. Decreasing Arctic Sea Ice
(*) Extent
(1) Stroeve et al. 2011 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-011-0101-1#enumeration (http://tinyurl.com/h25frcp)
(*) Volume
(2) Polar Science Center - http://psc.apl.washington.edu/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/ (http://tinyurl.com/nmrcvug)
(3) Multiple sources - https://sites.google.com/site/arcticseaicegraphs/longterm (http://tinyurl.com/ctkmuu2)
CITATION - [1] Streoeve et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/h25frcp; [2] Polar Science Center, tinyurl.com/nmrcvug; [3] Multiple sources, tinyurl.com/ctkmuu2
CITATION - tinyurl.com/h25frcp; tinyurl.com/nmrcvug; tinyurl.com/ctkmuu2
9. Decreasing Antarctic Land Ice
(*) General source - https://skepticalscience.com/antarctica-gaining-ice.htm (http://tinyurl.com/zee3nn8)
(*) Multiple sources - http://scienceblogs.com/stoat/2015/11/02/mass-gains-of-the-antarctic-ice-sheet-exceed-losses/ (http://tinyurl.com/jb3g23h)
(1) Harig & Simons 2015 - http://www.princeton.edu/geosciences/people/simons/pdf/EPSL-2015a.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3)
(2) CryoSat-2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL060111/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/nmfohot)
(3) King et al. 2012 - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7425/full/nature11621.html (http://tinyurl.com/hu8bwv2)
(4) Tang et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012JB009480/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/z48ctq6)
(5) Rignot et al. 2011 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011GL046583/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/hn66bv9)
(6) Wu et al. 2010 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n9/full/ngeo938.html (http://tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q)
(7) Velicogna et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL061052/full (http://tinyurl.com/h3bb95f)
CITATION - [1] Harig & Simons 2015, tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3; [2] CryoSat-2, tinyurl.com/nmfohot; [3] King et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/hu8bwv2; [4] Tang et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/z48ctq6; [5] Rignot et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/hn66bv9; [6] Wu et al. 2010, tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; [7] Velicogna et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h3bb95f
CITATION - tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3; tinyurl.com/nmfohot; tinyurl.com/hu8bwv2; tinyurl.com/z48ctq6; tinyurl.com/hn66bv9; tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; tinyurl.com/h3bb95f
10. Decreasing Greenland Land Ice
(1) Jiang et al. 2010 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n6/abs/ngeo845.html (http://tinyurl.com/hp7hf8e)
(2) Velicogna et al. 2012 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GL061052/full (http://tinyurl.com/h3bb95f)
(3) Wu et al. 2010 - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v3/n9/full/ngeo938.html (http://tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q)
(4) Ewert et al. 2012 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264370711000640 (http://tinyurl.com/h36y6t9)
(5) Harig & Simons 2012 - http://www.pnas.org/content/109/49/19934.abstract (http://tinyurl.com/gphq5ug)
(6) Sasgen et al. 2012 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X12001628 (http://tinyurl.com/hse5b9j)
(7) Chen et al. 2011 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010JB007789/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/z5s3lgc)
CITATION - [1] Jiang et al. 2010, tinyurl.com/hp7hf8e; [2] Velicogna et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h3bb95f; [3] Wu et al. 2010, tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; [4] Ewert et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/h36y6t9; [5] Harig & Simons 2012, tinyurl.com/gphq5ug; [6] Sasgen et al. 2012, tinyurl.com/hse5b9j; [7] Chen et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/z5s3lgc
CITATION - tinyurl.com/hp7hf8e; tinyurl.com/h3bb95f; tinyurl.com/hhtzm6q; tinyurl.com/h36y6t9; tinyurl.com/gphq5ug; tinyurl.com/hse5b9j; tinyurl.com/z5s3lgc
11. Decreasing Glacier Ice
(1) Hock et al. 2009 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL037020/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/z8hoa4m)
(2) UNEP - http://www.grid.unep.ch/glaciers/pdfs/5.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg)
(3) Cogley et al. 2009 - https://www.igsoc.org/annals/50/50/a50a043.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/zuczqr4)
(4) Leclercq et al. 2011 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10712-011-9121-7 (http://tinyurl.com/hphll7r)
(*) Individual regions
(4) Marzeion et al. 2012 - http://www.the-cryosphere.net/6/1295/2012/ (http://tinyurl.com/jo8kqt9)
(5) Chen et al. 2007 - ftp://ftp.csr.utexas.edu/pub/ggfc/papers/2007GL031871.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/z2buoc6)
(6) Luthcke et al. 2008 - https://www.igsoc.org/journal/54/188/j08j057.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/jkalkzr)
CITATION - [1] Hock et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/z8hoa4m; [2] UNEP, tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg; [3] Coglet et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/zuczqr4; [4] Leclercq et al. 2011, tinyurl.com/hphll7r
CITATION - tinyurl.com/z8hoa4m; tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg; tinyurl.com/zuczqr4; tinyurl.com/hphll7r
12. Decreasing Snow Cover
(1) Brown & Robinson 2011 - http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/robinson_pubs/refereed/Brown_and_Robinson_2011.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/zm24ly3)
(2) Dery & Brown 2007 - http://web.unbc.ca/~sdery/publicationfiles/2007GL031474.pdf (http://tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x)
(*) Australia
(3) Sanchez-Bayo & Green 2012 - http://aaarjournal.org/doi/abs/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.107?code=iaar-site (http://tinyurl.com/j5yzdpm)
CITATION - [1] Brown & Robinson 2011, tinyurl.com/zm24ly3; [2] Dery & Brown 2007, tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x; [3] Sanchez-Bayo & Green 2012, tinyurl.com/j5yzdpm
CITATION - tinyurl.com/zm24ly3; tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x; tinyurl.com/j5yzdpm
13. Decreasing Ocean pH
(1) NOAA PMEL, Feely et al. - https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Quality+of+pH+Measurements+in+the+NODC+Data+Archives (tinyurl.com/h98cc3z)
CITATION - [1] NOAA PMEL, Feely et al., tinyurl.com/h98cc3z
CITATION - tinyurl.com/h98cc3z
14. Tree Lines Shifting Poleward
(1) Caccianiga & Payette 2006 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01563.x/full (tinyurl.com/kf5cyce)
(2) Gamache & Payette 2005 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01182.x/full (tinyurl.com/krfsnak)
(3) Kharuk et al. 2007 - http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?f=2008/JP/JP0821.xml;JP2008000451 (tinyurl.com/kmh77rb)
(4) Lloyd & Fastie 2003 - http://alaskaresearch.voices.wooster.edu/files/2011/09/Lloyd_Fastie_2003.pdf (tinyurl.com/lwscuos)
(5) Woodall et al. 2009 - https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/19546 (tinyurl.com/kj2mbhk)
CITATION - [1] Caccianiga & Payette 2006, tinyurl.com/kf5cyce; [2] Gamache & Payette 2005, tinyurl.com/krfsnak; [3] Kharuk et al. 2007, tinyurl.com/kmh77rb; [4] Lloyd & Fastie 2003, tinyurl.com/lwscuos; [5] Woodall et al. 2009, tinyurl.com/kj2mbhk
CITATION - tinyurl.com/kf5cyce; tinyurl.com/krfsnak; tinyurl.com/kmh77rb; tinyurl.com/lwscuos; tinyurl.com/kj2mbhk
15. Animals Migrating Poleward
(1) Seebacher & Post 2015 (Review article) - https://climatechangeresponses.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40665-015-0013-9 (http://tinyurl.com/hacf38m)
CITATION - [1] Seebacher & Post 2015, tinyurl.com/hacf38m
CITATION - tinyurl.com/hacf38m
16. Spring Coming Earlier
(1) Menzel et al. 2006 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x/abstract (http://tinyurl.com/j6x9975)
(2) Ellwood, Primack, & Talmadge 2010 - http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1525/cond.2010.100006 (http://tinyurl.com/h7t6kbt)
(3) Yu, Luedeling, & Xu 2010 - http://www.pnas.org/content/107/51/22151.abstract (http://tinyurl.com/jcyt8a8)
(4) Guo et al. 2014 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192314002676 (http://tinyurl.com/z985kj8)
CITATION - [1] Menzel et al. 2006, tinyurl.com/j6x9975; [2] Ellwood, Primack, & Talmadge 2010, tinyurl.com/h7t6kbt; [3] Yu, Luedeling, & Xu 2010, tinyurl.com/jcyt8a8; [4] Guo et al. 2014, tinyurl.com/z985kj8
CITATION - tinyurl.com/j6x9975; tinyurl.com/h7t6kbt; tinyurl.com/jcyt8a8; tinyurl.com/z985kj8
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Antarctica's gaining sea ice. And a NASA study [1] suggested it's gaining land ice today due to a steep rise in snowfall ~15,000 yrs ago, in spite of rising global temperatures. Of course, the lead author worried climate change deniers would distort the findings [1]. If the study is true, then there must be extra ice loss somewhere else to account for rising sea levels [2,3]. Other studies suggest Antarctica's losing land ice [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], Greenland's losing land ice [17], the Arctic is losing sea ice in extent [18] and volume [19], glaciers are overall receding [20,21], and snow cover is declining [22].
[1] Zwally et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zyvvrah
[2] Church 2008 - http://tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc
[3] NASA Satellite and Ground data - http://tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt
[4] Shepherd et al. 2016 (Fig 5) - http://tinyurl.com/jy5h2z9
[5] McMillan et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/nmfohot [6] Harig & Simons 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3 [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] King et al. 2012; Tang et al. 2012; Rignot et al. 2011c; Shi et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2010; Cazenave et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2009; E et al. 2009; Horwath & Dietrich 2009; Velicogna 2009 - for summary, http://tinyurl.com/jb3g23h [17] Jiang 2010 - http://tinyurl.com/zz8a8x9 [18] Stroeve et al. 2012 - http://tinyurl.com/h25frcp [19] Schweiger et al. 2011 - http://tinyurl.com/nmrcvug [20] Cogley et al. 2009 - http://tinyurl.com/zp2pmbx [21] World Glacier Monitoring Service (Fig 5.9) - http://tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg [22] Dery & Brown 2007 - http://tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x
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I mean, we're all irrational. That's about as clear as you can get from the field of psychology. That's why we let the science speak for itself :) For example, if one has a preconception that global warming isn't happening, because that forms part of their identiy, then they can say something like "Antarctica is gaining sea ice and a NASA study found it's gaining land ice!" But when we step back and let the science speak for itself, we find that the NASA study [1] suggested it's gaining land ice today due to a steep rise in snowfall ~15,000 yrs ago, in spite of rising global temperatures; that the lead author worried climate change deniers would distort the findings [1]; and that if the study is true, then there must be extra ice loss somewhere else to account for rising sea levels [2,3]. We also find that other studies suggest Antarctica's losing land ice [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16], Greenland's losing land ice [17], the Arctic is losing sea ice in extent [18] and volume [19], glaciers are overall receding [20,21], and snow cover is declining [22]. Similarly, if one wanted to confirm their preconception that global warming isn't happening, they can say "one group's tropospheric measurements show no warming! (after you remove half the data.)" But when we step back and let the science speak for itself, we find satellite and ground measurements of land and ocean temperatures find warming [23,24,25,26,27,28,29], increased sea surface temperature [30,31], and *increased* tropospheric temperatures from Christy's UAH group and RSS [32]. So it explains why someone would distort a NASA study, or cherry pick and manipulate one set of measurements, to push an agenda even if they are acting in good faith - when irrational people settle on an idea, it's tough to change their minds despite myriad evidence to the contrary (cf. confirmation bias, backfire effect, etc.) I think you get it now, so let's see how it plays out... ;) Cheers!
[1] Zwally et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zyvvrah [2] Church 2008 - http://tinyurl.com/ycfy2fc [3] NASA Satellite and Ground data - http://tinyurl.com/ks3fkjt [4] Shepherd et al. 2016 (Fig 5) - http://tinyurl.com/jy5h2z9 [5] McMillan et al. 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/nmfohot [6] Harig & Simons 2015 - http://tinyurl.com/zs4uxz3 [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] King et al. 2012; Tang et al. 2012; Rignot et al. 2011c; Shi et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2010; Cazenave et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2009; E et al. 2009; Horwath & Dietrich 2009; Velicogna 2009 - for summary, http://tinyurl.com/jb3g23h [17] Jiang 2010 - http://tinyurl.com/zz8a8x9 [18] Stroeve et al. 2012 - http://tinyurl.com/h25frcp [19] Schweiger et al. 2011 - http://tinyurl.com/nmrcvug [20] Cogley et al. 2009 - http://tinyurl.com/zp2pmbx [21] World Glacier Monitoring Service (Fig 5.9) - http://tinyurl.com/ya5tdbg [22] Dery & Brown 2007 - http://tinyurl.com/jqcqd7x [23] NASA GISS - http://tinyurl.com/yv3a9x [24] HadCRUT- http://tinyurl.com/ouxghs5 [25] NOAA - http://tinyurl.com/j2xu9ml [26] Angell weather balloon measurements - http://tinyurl.com/hrecbuo [27] Pollack, Huang, & Shen - http://tinyurl.com/hhqd5af [28] http://tinyurl.com/zhy2gju [29] Compo et al. 2013 - http://tinyurl.com/zr32tuq [30] NASA GISS - http://tinyurl.com/epy8o [31] Barnett et al. 2005 - http://tinyurl.com/j87yqhp [32] UAH, Christy, RSS - http://tinyurl.com/glvq5y3
